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Magic in The Air: Kites and Mystic Diagrams

In a new series of kites handcrafted with natural materials only, Yann Defond finds intricate motifs in the fascinating world of yantra, the ancient Khmer protection diagrams.

by Living Cambodia Team, 22 Aug. 2025

Yantra, the symbolic diagrams, came to Cambodia from Ancient India. In the cult of Shiva, widespread in Pre-Angkor Kambuja, yantra was a form of worship equal to mantra (text recitation) and tantra (mystical and physical quest. Revisited through the prism of Cambodian syncretism and rare ability to creatively combine old traditions and novel beliefs, the Khmer yan(t) has acquired various powers, to the point that many researchers think the name Bayon, the temple at the center of Angkor Thom, was originally Pa-Yan(t), The Great Yantra or The Ancestor's Yantra, a vast, complex diagram in stone.

Today, yantras are widely used as protective diagrams (against illness or lovesickness, often to complete a wish of personal improvement), on metal sheets, cloth or as tattoos. Always on the outlook for designs expressing Cambodian cultural traditions, artist Yan has been been studying Khmer yantra patterns for many years: "They combine symbols from Brahmanic traditions, Pali-Khmer (khama) letters referring to Buddhist sacred principles, characters from legends or from the Reamker (Camboddian Ramayana) drawn...I learnt the basics with a monk master, then I went on studying through the 1,300 pages of his fantastic collection of yantras, published in 2019."

It is the richness of design, the intricate balance between symbolic and figurative that has caught the artist's eyes. "These diagrams on kite are certainly not "activated"", remarks Yann, alluding to invocations that healers (kru) or Buddhist monks perform to activate the yants.

Note: Kites are made exclusively of natural materials sourced in Cambodia (jute from Kandal Province, rattan, glue made of sticky rice and lime juice in Battambang Province, oil on kraft paper), following traditional techniques used in the countryside for centuries.

30 unique, handmade with natural materials and painted kites by artists DEFOND Yann.

Description and pricing:

Note: Khmer-Pali terms referring to yantra forms are not always easy to translatable. Here, we give the transliteration and an explicative title.

1. Musical Kites (Khleng Ek ខ្លែងឯក) 180 x 215 cm

(above, from left to right, top to bottom)

1-1 ព្រះបាទ​ទសមុខ [Preahbat Tosamúkh or Dosamukh]: ‘Ten-faced giant in the Ramayana: also called Dashaka ព្រះ​បាទ​ទស​ក័ណ្ឋ or Ravana ក្រុង​រាពណ៍.’ Ŧ

1-2 ព្រះ​កឹង​ករុណា [Preah kaeng krunea]: ‘God of Mercy who warns and shakes the Earth.’ Ɏ

1-3 ព្រះបាទ​ទសម [Preahbat Tosam]: ‘Legendary king, Lord of completeness.’ ¤

1-4 ចក្រីសម្ដែង​ឫទ្ធិ [Chakra samdengritty]: ‘Chakra (Lord) manifesting his power.’ ¤¤

1-5 ព្រះ​ពិស្ណុការ ​[Preah Pisnokar]: ‘Pisnuka or Bisnuka, the Khmer version of Vishvakarman, the ‘celestial architect’, an important figure of bramanism in Cambodia. Pisnuka is regarded as the mythical master architect of Angkor Wat'. ɎɎ

Pricing: ¤ = 500,000 ៛ | ¤¤ = 600,000 ៛ | Ɏ= 750,000៛ | ɎɎ = 900,000 ៛ | Ŧ= 1,000,000 ៛

2. Musical Kites (Khleng Ek ខ្លែងឯក) 135 x 150 cm

(above, from left to right, top to bottom)

2-1 ស្ដេច​យក្ស [Sdech Yaksa]: 'The Giants’ King.' ¤

2-2 គ្រុឌ [Krud]: ‘Garuda.’ ɤ

2-3 ព្រះរាមថ្លែងសរបំបែកបន្ទាយ [Preah Ream thleng sar bambek banteay]: ‘Lord Rama shooting an arrow at the fortress [Ramayana scene].’ ¤

2-4 ព្រះរាមថ្លែងសរ [Preah Ream thleng sar]: ‘Lord Rama shooting with his magical bow. [Ramayana scene].’ ɤ

2-5 ព្រះសុធន [Brah Sothon]: ‘Prince Sothun, who illicitly watched seven tevodas bathing and stole the scarf of the youngest one. When they flew back to the the sky, he convinced her to stay and marry him.’ (this folk tale was published by the Buddhist Institute in 1968). Sothon is also the name of a monk who was turned into a crocodile and saved a princess from drowning by swallowing her.' ɮ

2-6 ព្រះកែវវិស្សវ័ន្ដកង [Preah Keovissavndkhang]: ‘The Lord of Karma.' ¤

2-7 យក្សោទ្ធារាជ​រន្ទះ​ត្រៃ​វេទ [Yaksothea reach ronteah traviet]: ‘Yaksothea, sacred thunderbolt of the Triveda.’ ¤

2-8 តេជោដំឌិន [Techo Domdin]: ‘Master Domdin, a general who opposed Phra Ruang when the latter attempted to establish the first kingdom of Siam, free from the rule of the ancient Khmer Empire.’ ɤ

2-9 ព្រហ្មទត្ថ / ព្រហ្មទត្ត [Prohm Tot]: ‘Legendary king.’ ȿ

2-10 ព្រះបាទទសពល [Preah Bot Tosapol]: ‘Lord of the Ten Forces.' ɮ

Pricing: ȿ = 330,000 ៛ | ɮ = 350,000 ៛ | ɤ = 400,000 ៛ | ¤ = 500,000 ៛

3. Pnong Kites (Khleng Pnong ខ្លែងព្នង) 80 x 90 cm

(above, from left to right, top to bottom)

3-1 អ្នក​ចម្បាំង [Neak chambeng]: ‘Warrior.’ Þ

3-2 ទេវតា​កុមារ [Tevta komar]: ‘Child-Angel (?).’

3-3 កុមាររាជា [Komarreach]: ‘Royal Child or Children (?).’ Þ

3-4 ព្រះបាទ​កងជុំ [Preahbat Kangchum]: ‘King Kang Chum, divinity of the Moon.' ĵ

3-5 សុវណ្ណ​ដូង​ខ្ចី [Sovnnadongkchei]: 'Main character of a legend-song.' Þ

3-6 ទង់​ព្រះ​សិវ [Tung preah Sev]: 'King Jayavarman under Shiva’s flag’. ĵ

3-7 ល័ក្ខវង្ស [Liakkhavong]: 'Warrior on his carriage.' ĉ

3-8 ស័ង្ខសីល្បជ័យ [Sangkseilbachèy]: 'Poem written in 1887 by UK Nearochkal.' ĉ

3-9 ជ័យវរ្ម័ន ទី៧ [Chyovorm ti prampeul]: ‘Jayavarman VII.’ ĉ

3-10 ដួងកែវព្រះពុទ្ធ [Dongkeo Preahput]: 'King Jayavarman VII benefiting from the benevolence of the Buddha.' ĉ

3-11 កែវមុនីរ័ត្ន [Keomuniroat]: 'King Jayavarman VII benefitting from the light of wisdom.' ĉ

3-12 ត្រជាក់​ធីតា [Tratchaktitta]: 'King Jayavarman VII benefitting from self-control.' ĉ

3-13 ស្ដេច​បាយ៉ងកោ [Sdech Byangokao]: 'Main character of a legend from Takeo province.' ĉ

3-14 ឫទ្ធិសែន [Rytthisen]: 'Legendary character.' ĵ

3-15 ព្រះបាទជាន់ជុំ [Preahbat Choanchum]: 'Legendary self-proclaimed king, 16th century.' ħ

Pricing: ĉ = 200,000 ៛ | Þ = 220,000 ៛ | ĵ = 250,000 ៛ | | ħ = 300,000 ៛